Which revolution marked the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled farming communities around 10,000 BC?

• A. First Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic)
• B. Second Agricultural Revolution
• C. Green Revolution
• D. Third Agricultural Revolution

Answer: (A)

This question tests the shift from nomadic hunter-gatherer life to settled farming communities, a change known as the Neolithic Revolution. Around 10,000 BC people began domesticating plants and animals and practicing systematic farming, which allowed living in permanent villages, storing surplus food, and supporting larger populations. This early move into agriculture is labeled the First Agricultural Revolution (the Neolithic era). The other revolutions happened later: the Second Agricultural Revolution brought mechanization and improved farming methods in the post-medieval period; the Green Revolution introduced high-yield crop varieties in the 20th century; and the Third Agricultural Revolution involves modern biotech. So the transition around 10,000 BC fits the Neolithic/First Agricultural Revolution.